What is the primary function of a transformer in an electrical system?

The primary function of a transformer is to step up or step down voltage levels in an electrical system. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are crucial for the efficiency of power transmission. When electrical energy is transmitted over long distances, high voltages are used to minimize energy losses due to resistance in the wires. At the point of use, transformers reduce this high voltage to a safer, lower voltage that can be utilized by electrical devices.

Stepping up voltage is important for transmission, while stepping down voltage is necessary for distribution and consumption by homes and businesses. This ability to manipulate voltage levels allows the electrical power system to operate effectively and safely, ensuring that the right amount of power is delivered to various end-user applications without the risk of damage or inefficiency.

The other choices do not correctly describe the primary role of a transformer. Converting electrical energy to mechanical energy relates more to devices such as motors. Storing electrical energy pertains to batteries or capacitors, while protecting circuits from overload typically involves fuses or circuit breakers rather than transformers.