What does inductive reactance measure in an electrical circuit?

Inductive reactance quantifies the opposition that an inductor presents to an alternating current (AC) due to its ability to store energy in a magnetic field when current flows through it. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in AC circuits, where the current is continuously changing. As the current changes, the magnetic field around the inductor changes as well, and this change in magnetic flux induces a voltage that opposes the change in current, according to Lenz's Law. This opposition is what inductive reactance measures.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the specific role of inductive reactance. The opposition to direct current relates more to resistive components within a circuit rather than inductive behavior, while total power consumed is related to the overall energy usage in a circuit, distinct from reactance. Lastly, material resistance specifically refers to a conductor's inherent ability to resist current flow at a constant value, which does not incorporate the dynamic behavior of inductors in AC circuits. Thus, the correct answer captures the essence of how inductors react to changing currents.